Curling | How to stop the knit fabric from curling

Curling is one of the primary futures of a single jersey knit fabric. Whenever you see any single jersey fabric it has open ends and you will always observe that the fabric is curling from the edges. When you cut the woven fabric the fabric remains stable on the surface and knitted single jersey fabric when you will cut it from any side from the edges it will try to curl, it will try to bend and it will never remain stationary like a flat surface

Along the whale line, the nature of curling will be completely different. So the fabric is trying to curl from the technical front to back side. The fabric is bending from the technical front to the back side all the loops which are present on the left side of the fabric are bending towards the backside.It has different nature along different surfaces. Free ends on the wale line, if you see the edges the nature of the curling will be completely different. The fabric will try to curl from the technical front to the back side.

If you observe along the course direction all the top loops are trying to bend towards the front side. So along the edges, the fabric it is bending towards the back but on the perpendicular side it has the opposite nature, it is bending towards front side

whenever you create a loop with the yarn, it is either coming out from the old loop or either it is going inside the old loop. So in this process, you can see the yarn which is there inside the loop.

Reason for knit fabric curling

The yarn part of particular loops is always in the bend position. if you see any textile yarn it is always in straight conditions, but when you make this yarn bend into the same unstable position, naturally the yarn will try to relax. Whenever we are creating the loops the yarn loops are in a bent state, it is highly unstable, all yarns are in a strait configuration, but inside the particular fabric we are forcing this yarn to bend in a certain fashion to create the loop, so this bending state is highly unstable, And once any object is in highly unstable state naturally it will automatically try to move into a stable state because this kind of configuration is not supported by the law of physics itself. So naturally the yarn which is not supposed to stand in a bent state, has always the tendency to go back to its original state.

And what is the original state? Which is the straight configuration. You can also understand by a simple example, let’s suppose we take any rod from a side if you bend it and if the road is elastic, the movement you release the force it will always try to go back to its original state configuration

because of the unstable behavior of the single jersey fabric ends become highly unstab

How to avoid fabric curling

To avoid fabric curling we have another category of fabric in knitting which is called double jersey fabric. Double jersey fabric is formed by 2 sets of needles, beauty of this fabric is it does not curl from any side both side has both front and back loops.

A fabric that is produced on the double bed knitting machine is called double jersey fabric. Double jersey fabric does not curl. Due to technical face or back loops on the surface, the net resulting torque is nullified along course and wale.

If you see the sweater design mostly the collar, neck, and bottom segments are made from double jersey fabric to make the structure stable. For creating more stable fabric need to use a double bed machine, especially v bed knitting machine

to avoid curling we need to produce double jersey fabric which does not curl from the edges

ribbed sweater for avoiding curling
Continue ReadingCurling | How to stop the knit fabric from curling

How to Identify Textile fabric | Best Fabric

Today’s market is filled with imitative counterfeit fabrics that look just like the real thing but function horribly. The consumer won’t know how to handle the materials during washing. It is suggested that consumers arm themselves with knowledge of fibers, their qualities, and their processing to solve these issues.

This enables the consumer to quickly determine the amount of fiber in the fabrics and make an informed decision on the purchase of the fabric or a product made from it. As they engage with clients and are responsible for all sales transactions, wholesalers and retailers must also be knowledgeable about fiber identification. Also, forensic scientists may find this information to be very helpful.

When the fiber content of cloth is unknown, the consumer will be most hurt. Although he cannot conduct laboratory tests, he can rely on certain

Non-Technical Fibre Identification

Non-Technical Fibre Identification to include appearance, feeling, est, and burning tests.

Physical appearance

The physical appearance of a cloth can sometimes be used to predict its fiber composition. Generally, natural fibers can be identified tentatively. The yarns are drawn from the fabric separately warp-wise and weft-wise. The parameters checked are

  • Fiber length
  • Lustre
  • Fabric Surface
  • Fabric Weight

The fibers are either filamentous or staples. Except for silk, most natural fibers are staples. Spun yarns are nevertheless produced by cutting filament fibers and spinning them on a cotton machine.

The Lustre of the fabric can be an indication of the fibre content such as silk, rayon, polyester, or any synthetic fibre. Cotton is dull, but mercerized cotton is bright; silk has lustre that is different from other fibres. Rayon has maximum lustre , banana, linen and jute has little lustre as compared to cotton.

Fabric surface may be smooth, soft, or hard; wool is soft to touch; bast fibers are hard to touch; all synthetics are smooth to touch

You can hazard a guess about the fabric’s weight by holding it in your palm. It might be wool if it feels light in weight but appears to be thick. All cellulosic fabrics, both manufactured by humans and nature, are heavy. Fabrics made of linen are a little heavier than those made of other cellulosic materials, All synthetics are light in weight.

Feeling Test

This test focuses solely on how a cloth feels when it is handled. After handling several fabrics, one develops this proficiency. Feel the fabric with your fingers to comprehend this expert perception. It can be a wool fabric when your fingers start to get warm.

If the fingers become cool by loosing heat, it may be one of the cellulosic fibers such as cotton, linen, jute, or even rayon as they are good conductors of heat. One more example of skilled perception is silk crepes and chiffons vs rayon/polyester crepes and chiffons. Silk is smoother to touch, while others are hard to touch. But this test has a limitation in identifying the exact fiber content.

Burning Test

The burning test, which is one of the non-technical tests, may be trustworthy because it allows for the identification of the fiber groups used in common textiles. It makes logical to use the test to identify the fibers because the burning characteristics of the fibers vary. For testing, the threads from the fabric need to be divided into warp and weft directions. When the yarns are close to the flame, during the flame, and after the odor and residue have been removed from the flame, observations should be performed. The documented observations of the widely utilized fibers are shown in the table here.

FibreApproaching
Flame		In flameRemoved
from flame		Rate of
burning		OdourResidue
CottonScorches ignites readilyBurns with yellow flameContinues to burn; after glowQuick but stablePaper burnt smellFeathery light to greyish ash. Black ash for mercerized.
LinenDoes not shrink, and ignites upon contactBurns with yellow flameContinues to burnQuick but slower than cottonPaper burnt smellFeathery grey ash
Man made cellulosic RayonDoes nor shrink, ignites upon
contact		Burns readilyContinues to burnVery fastPaper burnt smellLight grey feathery ash
SilkCurls away from flameBurns with difficultySelf-extinguishingSlowBurnt hair smellCrushable black brittle bead
WoolCurls away from flameBurns with difficulty & sputtersSelf-extinguishingVery slowStrong Burnt hair smellCrushable black brittle bead
PolyesterFuses, melts and shrinks away from flameTakes up fire readilyContinues to burnFastAromatic smellUncrushable bead
NylonMelts away from flame,
shrinks, fuses		Takes up fire readilySelf-extinguishingFastAromatic smellUncrushable bead
AcrylicMelts and fuses awayTakes up fireContinues to burnFastAcridIrregular hard, black
Spandex
Lycra		Fuses does not shrink away from flameBurns with meltingContinues to burn with meltingModerateChemical smellSoft, sticky and gummy residue
Continue ReadingHow to Identify Textile fabric | Best Fabric

How to Choose Yarn for Knitting Pattern

The yarn selection is the foremost thing in Knitting, especially for machine knitting because you need to choose yarn count and what twist you need to use.

Yarn count is extremely important because on a particular machine certain parameters are always fixed, like machine gauge and the technologies, whether it is a flat bed or circular bed knitting.

Some of the common features which are used in knitting, from the yarn point of view, the yarn should be smooth, especially if the yarn is very very rough then you can have the problem of abrasion with the yarn needles or the trick on the bed.

yarn 1

Yarn futures of Knitting

Smooth

So smoother yarn is better for knitting because it will keep watch in the fabric formation and less fly will generate and also the friction will be less so there is less rubbing of the machine parts

Strong

Yarn should be sufficiently strong because simultaneously so many yarns are catching the yarn and pulling strongly towards the bed inside the trick, so if the yarn is not strong it might break very easily

Good elastic recovery

Because you have seen the yarn always in extension mode on the machine so the yarn should recover well otherwise you will get extended fabric or distorted fabric

Count

We have different diameters of yarn because the yarn count can vary depending on the yarn spinning parameters. So what is the right count and that is suitable for the machine, it will depend on the machine gauge and the technologies which you are using

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Yarn Twisting | How to Make Yarn from the Fiber

Yarn twisting is the method used to make yarn from fiber. The number of turns about the axis per unit of length in yarn or another textile strand.

If you take a bunch of fibers and try to start turning those fibers along the yarn axis, that is called a twist. It is expressed several turns in unit lengths and the other thing is called helical and spiritual. The Helical or Spiritual configuration induced by turning a strand about its longitudinal axis

The twist is a very very important part apart from the count because if you keep increasing the twist it might be possible for the yarn becomes very stiff or it may be a break. The twist is used to improve the strength and compactness

Too much twist or turning of the fibers should be avoided, for the knitting point of view twist is extremely important. If you use highly twisted yarn there might be a possibility that it may not bend properly and the loop length geometry will be destroyed

Twist as well as the count is extremely critical and it should be in a certain range so that it can run smoothly on the machine

And the movement you start turning it, the fiber starts arranging the spiral form, and the length of the yarn will also reduce, so this is how the yarn twist influences the yarn properties. It makes yarn a little bit stiffer and it will also result in shrinkage.

Types of Yarn Twisting Methords

There are 2 terms which commonly used ,which is S twisted and Z twisted

twist direction

The nature of the spirality along the S direction means the yarn is twisted in a clockwise direction is called S twisted. When the yarn is twisted in an anti-clock direction called Z twist, the spirality becomes reverse. Both S twist yarn and Z twist yarn have a significant influence on the fabric properties

Yarn Twisting in a Plied Yarn or Cord Yarn

Twisting plied yarn to make cord, is called twist in a plied yarn. In a twist in the plied yarn, the twist which has to be imparted, the direction must be the opposite of the initial twist

If you have S twisted yarn when you are combining these is equal to twisted plied yarn, we need to apply Z twist and when you are combining  Z twisted plied yarn then you have to impart S twist direction

twisted

4/60s

It indicates 4 plies of yarn of 60s count each. So 4 indicates the number of single-ply yarn and 60 indicates the count

2/2/60s

When you have two bars, the first2 indicates you are combining two 2 ply yarn, so 2/60 you are combining 2 single yarn to make 2 ply yarn and then you are taking that two-ply yarn  to make a cord by giving different twist, so a cord made by 2 ply yarn of two 60s

The high twist in yarn results in a harder fabric feel, Good abrasion and pilling resistance, and poor bending characteristics

Continue ReadingYarn Twisting | How to Make Yarn from the Fiber

How to Find the Yarn Count of Plied Yarn | Easy way

Plied yarn means double or folded yarn. If you twist 2 yarns together then you generate two plies and three plies or four plies depending on how many yarns you are twisting

Plied yarn count is denoted n/Ne. The first alphabet is representing how many yarns you are twisting and the second alphabet which is representing the count of the single yarn
Eg. 2/17s is showing the plied yarn consisting of 2 single plies. 2 indicate 2 yarns twisted , and each yarn has a 17s count. S is indicated for English count 17s means 17Ne

Yarn Count

If 2/60s yarn is twisted together the Yarn count is ( in Tex )

1/Nr = 1/N1+1/N2

1/60+1/60

Nr=30s

In Tex

Tex=590.5/30=19.68

Continue ReadingHow to Find the Yarn Count of Plied Yarn | Easy way

Yarn Conversion from Direct to Indirect | Yarn Conversion chart

By using some formulas we can do Yarn conversion from Direct to Indirect. The metric count is connected with the English count. If your yarn count is given in metric form then we can simply multiply 1.69. English worst count is connected with English cotton count is into 1.5 . Denier is related with English count by 5315 divided by N eC.

Tex is related with English count 590.5 by N eC. And Denier is related to tex. So depending on whichever country we can convert these counts from one system to another system.

Please note the below-mentioned formulas for Yarn conversion from Direct to Indirect.

Yarn conversion from direct to indirect
Yarn conversion from direct to indirect

Continue ReadingYarn Conversion from Direct to Indirect | Yarn Conversion chart

Yarn Count | Common Terms Representing the Yarn Count.

Yarn count determines the linear density of the yarn. It’s the way to represent the mass per unit length of the yarn. It is expressed as either mass per unit length or length per unit mass, depending upon the yarn numeric system used.

Yarn count expressed as Tex, Denier, English count (Ne).

Yarn count basically follows two methods

  • Indirect system
  • Direct system

INDIRECT SYSTEM

  • Expressed as length of yarn per unit mass of system
  • English count (NeC), Metric count (Nm), Worsted count (NeW)
  • Higher yarn count means finer yarn (Low thickness)

DIRECT SYSTEM

  • Expressed as a mass of yarn per unit length of yarn
  • Tex, Denier
  • Higher yarn count means courser yarn (high thickness)
yarn count
Continue ReadingYarn Count | Common Terms Representing the Yarn Count.